Horace Albright, the second director of the National Park Service, wrote that Franklin Lanes appointment to the cabinet was made specifically for the purpose of pushing this [Hetch Hetchy project], the so-called Raker-Pittman Bill. (Source: The Battle Over Hetch Hetchy, Robert W. Righter). Seventeen species of bats inhabit the Hetch Hetchy area, including the largest North American bat, the western mastiff. Youll just need to see them for yourself. The new 68-mile (109 km) railroad wound its way up the narrow canyon of the Tuolumne River past sharp curves and up steep 4% grades. [54] The entire system produces about 1.7 billion kilowatt hours per year, enough to meet 20% of San Francisco's electricity needs. The water winds between granite features like Kolana Rock and Hetch Hetchy Dome. As well dam for water-tanks the peoples cathedrals and churches, for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man.. Yet environmentalists have dreamed of restoring the dramatic valley along the Tuolumne River, which was filled in by the lake when the dam was built in 1938 under the New Deal. For thousands of years before the arrival of settlers from the United States in the 1850s, the valley was inhabited by Native Americans who practiced subsistence hunting-gathering. The law authorizing the dam passed Congress on December 7, 1913. Her poetic descriptions of Hetch hetchy won her the attention of powerful members of Congress. If the nation set aside some natural places as especially sacred, how far beyond their borders should a sense of the sacred extend? . Sign up for the email list and join an active community of monthly readers. He discovered it a few of years later. [18], Due to its abundant wetlands and stream pools, Hetch Hetchy was notorious among early travelers for becoming infested with mosquitoes in the summertime. For thousands of years, Native Americans subjected the valley to controlled bushfires, which prevented forest from taking over the valley meadows. The Hetch Hetchy Road drops into the valley at the dam, but all points east of there are roadless, and accessible only to hikers and equestrians. And today there is even an organization, Restore Hetch Hetchy, which is committed to doing just that. In spite of Muirs eloquent and heated objections, the Raker Act was signed into law in December of 1913. Rounding the corner and catching the first glimpses of Hetch Hetchy Valley reveals the play of light on water. Water could be diverted into the Kirkwood and Moccasin Powerhouses using lower-impact diversion dams, providing power generation on a seasonal basis, and the enlarged height at Don Pedro would also increase power generation there. Call 209-372-0200 for the latest road and weather conditions, Hetch Hetchy Road Daily Hours: 8 am to 5 pm. Photo: Herbert W. Gleason courtesy of the Sierra Club. Next to John Muir, the most vocal defender of the Hetch Hetchy Valley was Harriet Monroe. . Note: you may use the handout or navigate to our feature on the Hetch Hetchy Environmental Debates to access the overview and copy of the Raker Bill. As we all know, there is no use of water that is higher than the domestic use., He went on to say, We come straight to the question of whether the advantage of leaving this valley in a state of nature is greater than the advantage of using it for the benefit of the city of San Francisco.. Due to large cataracts on the Tuolumne River upstream, Hetch Hetchy Valley may have been in the uppermost range for native rainbow trout in the river. It's dumb, dumb, dumb. What one Secretary of the Interior giveth, another taketh away. Hetch Hetchy is unique because of its small holding capacity in comparison to the vast watershed feeding it. Some of these studies determined that the idea of draining the reservoir was technically feasible but incredibly costly. Copyright © 2023 More Than Just Parks | This post may contain affiliate links - read our Standards, Corrections, & Privacy Policy. Earn $27.3125 per hour. To get the electricity they would need, they first built a smaller dam at Lake Eleanor. The maximum that the city has put away is 570,000 acre-feet of water. Hetch Hetchy Valley is a treasure worth visiting. By 1908, a different Interior Secretary, James R. Garfield, sided with the utilitarian conservationists and issued a permit for the Hetch Hetchy project. [82] Dianne Feinstein opposed this allocation, saying, "I will do all I can to make sure it isn't included in the final bill. Five country-chic rooms in the main building include en suite bathrooms, free WiFi and electric fireplaces. Muir famously said, Dam Hetch Hetchy! Proponents of the dam replied that out of multiple sites considered by San Francisco, Hetch Hetchy had the "perfect architecture for a reservoir",[43] with pristine water, lack of development or private property, a steep-sided and flat-floored profile that would maximize the amount of water stored, and a narrow outlet ideal for placement of a dam. The landscape painter Bierstadt, who brought his German Romantic training to the valley in 1862, gave the world an even larger portrait, and one in extravagant color, that photographers could not match on any scale. (Source: American Rivers, How Dams Damage Rivers). In 2006, the California State Department of Water Resources (DWR) and Department of Parks and Recreation evaluated the cost estimates of multiple feasibility studies conducted between 1988 and 2005. Third, dams alter natural habitats and change the ways in which rivers function. Hetch Hetchy, located at 3,900 feet in Yosemite National Park, is one of the park's most popular hiking . The pressure that Muir and his compatriots generated in 1908 and 1909 did not dissuade the administration from its support of the Hetch Hetchy dam, but this pressure was quite effective in the realm of electoral politics. The surface of the water hides an additional 300 feet of granite cliffs and once-upon-a-time waterfalls within its depths. Most people called it Hetch Hetchy, a mispronunciation of a Central Mohawk word for a plant that indigenous people were harvesting there when the first white man came along.. The Hetch Hetchy Valley is about 8 miles (13 km) from Yosemite Valley. Located at 3,900 feet, Hetch Hetchy boasts one of the longest hiking seasons in the park and is an ideal place for thundering spring waterfalls and wildflower displays. Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. Owned by the city of San Francisco, Hetch Hetchy Reservoir provides water to 2.7 million residents and businesses in the San Francisco Bay Area. In an effort to build this support, he published his bookThe Yosemitein 1912. Hetch Hetchy Valley was once home to a richly diverse ecosystem, surrounded by towering cliffs and waterfalls similar to those in neighboring Yosemite Valley. The battle over Hetch Hetchy was a fight to determine whether a beautiful valley would remain in its natural state or service the growing city of San Franciscos water needs. There, he met the same Indian chief and his wives. Secretary of the Interior, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, refused to give San Francisco a permit to build the dam. The O'Shaughnessy Dam is near Yosemite's western boundary, but the long, narrow, fingerlike reservoir stretches eastward for about 8 miles (13 km). Eighty-five percent of the water comes from Sierra Nevada snowmelt stored in the Hetch Hetchy reservoir situated on the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park. . [79] Some observers, such as Carl Pope (director of the Sierra Club), stated that Hodel had political motives[80] in proposing the study. If you delight in getting off the well-beaten path, or if you are looking for a peaceful natural retreat, its perfection. Muir and other defenders of Hetch Hetchy believe the fight revolved around two central issues. And in a larger sense, the waters of California served as the converting agents. High temperatures prevail in summer months, but its a small price to pay for the reward of vast wilderness filled with stunning peaks, hidden canyons, and remote lakes. To do so, it would either have to buy out the private monopoly at an exorbitant price or outmaneuver or outbid Spring Valley for a potential new reservoir., (Source: Natural Rivals: John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, and the Creation of Americas Public Lands, John Clayton). [42] They claimed the valley was not unique and would be even more beautiful with a lake. The Hetch Hetchy Valley was within Yosemite National Park and protected by the federal government, leaving it up to Congress to decide the valley's fate. As we learned from Rachel Carsons Silent Spring, humankind can damage the environment while attempting to control it. After Hetch Hetchy, many realized the National Parks needed more protection. [47] On October 28, 1934 twenty years after the beginning of construction on the Hetch Hetchy project a crowd of 20,000 San Franciscans gathered to celebrate the arrival of the first Hetch Hetchy water in the city. [21] Miwok names are still used for features, including Tueeulala Fall, Wapama Fall, and Kolana Rock. 406 California Historical Landmark)", "John Muir's Yosemite: The father of the conservation movement found his calling on a visit to the California wilderness", "Timeline of the Ongoing Battle Over Hetch Hetchy", "The Hetch Hetchy Letters: If a Group of Intellectuals Argues in a Forest, and then that Forest is Submerged Under Water, Does Their Argument Matter? [21][33] Albert Bierstadt, Charles Dorman Robinson and William Keith were known for their landscapes that drew tourists to the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Sign up for helpful guides, beautiful videos, and insider tips on the national parks. I will agree to take down Hetch Hetchy, when we first replace it with a bigger new reservoir such as a bigger taller Yosemite Valley dam at El Capitan. San Francisco had its eyes on this water source early on and repeatedly tried to acquire water rights to the Tuolumne River. Pinchot argued that applying the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number, meant the benefits accrued to the people of San Francisco from having the dam far outweighed leaving the valley in its current state. Located 30 miles southeast of Las Vegas, the dam captures water from the . Hoffman observed a meadow "well timbered and affording good grazing", and noted the valley had a milder climate than Yosemite Valley, hence the abundance of ponderosa pine and gray pine. We have historic photographs to remind us of what Hetch Hetchy Valley looked like before the dam was built. Muir observed:[3]. But Hetch Hetchy, one of nature's perfect . But what about when the lake dries? So the idea of planning for new water supplies need not be on the ballot. In Yosemite National Park, the Hetch Hetchy reservoir relies on the annual snowmelt to stay full. The proposed ballot measure calls for the creation of a task force that would spend $8 million to develop a long-term plan for improving water quality and reliability, remediating environmental damages caused by the water supply system, and identifying new water and renewable energy supplies so that Hetch Hetchy Valley could be returned to the National Park Service. Bierstadt described the valley as "smaller than the more famous valley but it presents many of the same features in his scenery and is quite as beautiful. [8], While its cousin Yosemite Valley to the south had permanent Miwok settlements,[25] Hetch Hetchy was only seasonally inhabited. The Hetch Hetchy Valley underwent a monumental transformation when the City Of San Francisco received the approval of Congress in 1913 to build a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley, thus storing the water of the Tuolumne River and flooding the valley to a height of over 350 feet. An anthropocentrist would agree with building the dam in the park without taking into consideration what the dam would do to the already existing ecosystem due to not caring about the established animals and plants. Through the manipulation of water, the company also had the power to determine which real estate became valuable and which languished. In some cases, however, including the Klamath and Hetch Hetchy, the benefits of restoration clearly outweigh the benefits provided by the dams. Also convince them it would be a good idea to raise the heights of their dams so we can enlarge these reservoirs with our extra water, flooding anew many miles of the Tuolumne River and acres of currently dry land. [15] When the glacier retreated for the final time, sediment-laden meltwater deposited thick layers of silt, forming the flat alluvial floodplain of the valley floor. Once again, the political pendulum had swung. [66] In 2015, Restore Hetch Hetchy filed a complaint arguing that the construction of the dam had violated a provision in the constitution of California about water use, but the lawsuit was rejected by an appeals court and later the California State Supreme Court. This is why environmental impact statements, which were not required prior to 1969, are so important today. "Hetch Hetchy is a grand landscape garden, one of nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. RELATED: Meet The Real Life Batman & Robin Of The National Parks. High temperatures prevail in summer months, but that is a small price to pay for the reward of vast wilderness filled with stunning peaks, hidden canyons, and remote lakes. Slow down and spend the day at Tenaya Lake a beautiful and easy-to-get-to alpine lake cupped by granite domes. The larger issues at stake would frame environmental debates for years to come. In the early 20th century, San Francisco flooded the Hetch Hetchy Valley, destroying "one of nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples." This is why the city can now ban new natural gas. To begin the trail, cross the dam and pass through the tunnel. When changes are made there are unintended consequences. Each switchback reveals scenic overlooks of the reservoir and Kolana Rock. That reservoir is New Don Pedro, and it rests over existing pipelines to the Bay Area. [6][7], Upstream from the valley lies the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne, while the smaller Poopenaut Valley is directly downstream from O'Shaughnessy Dam. [citation needed], The Hetch Hetchy Valley began as a V-shaped river canyon cut out by the ancestral Tuolumne River. Prominent sponsors of the dam proposal, particularly (by then former) Mayor James Phelan and city engineer Marsdon Manson (and later his successor, Michael OShaughnessy), quietly lobbied key figures in the government, trusting that the appeal of municipal water and power would easily win supporters amid the prevailing progressive political climate. Fourth, dams alter water quality. ", "Hetch Hetchy reclaimed: The dam downstream", "Alternatives for restoration of Hetch Hetchy Valley following removal of the dam and reservoir page 15", "Chapter 9: Impact of restoration on hydropower production and revenues", "Putting Bay Area's Water Sources to a Vote", "Hodel Would Tear Down Dam in Hetch Hetchy", "On Hetch Hetchy, John Muir was wrong: California's revered naturalist wrote a poetic diatribe against the drowning of the great valley. The Hetch Hetchy Dam in the Yosemite Valley, receives the bulk of it's water from the sierra snow pack miles above the reservoir. While the debate goes on, Hetch Hetchy remains a relaxing and often-overlooked corner of the park - much to the delight of hikers and backpackers who prefer less touristy experiences. The trail to Wapama Falls is one of the most popular trails in the Hetch Hetchy area for a good reason. [17] The valley's abundant plants provided nourishment for mule deer, black bears and bighorn sheep. Controversy continues to swirl around the Hetch Hetchy Dam even now. Dianne Feinstein, the mayor of San Francisco at the time, said in a Los Angeles Times story in 1987: "All this is for an expanded campground? His path roughly follows the John Muir Highway State Highway 132 that runs from Highway 49 in Coulterville up through Greeley Hill before connecting back into Highway 120 before Buck Meadows and the turn-off to Hetch Hetchy. Other trails also continue to Lake Vernon. As John Clayton writes, At the height of Progressivism, Phelan and other good-government types believed that the city should administer its own utilities. Get SPUR news and events delivered straight to your email inbox. Congress would decide the fate of the Hetchy Hetchy Valley. [63] The city justified this as a temporary measure, but no attempt to follow through with completing the municipal grid was ever made. . [77][78], The economic wisdom of removing the dam has been frequently questioned. To visit the waterfalls or Yosemites northern backcountry, you walk across OShaughnessy Dam. From the turn-off, the road winds for 16.5 miles up the old Hetch Hetchy railroad grade (26.5 km) to the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, passing many lonely trails along the way. Restore Hetch Hetchy and the Environmental Defense Funds own studies support a lower cost estimate, ranging from $1 billion to $2 billion. If, on the other hand, San Francisco gained control, it would signal in important victory for public power resulting in lower rates for the people. He had journeyed to Washington to lobby the federal government on behalf of the project. In 1967 the Robert C. Kirkwood Powerhouse started commercial operation followed by a New Moccasin Powerhouse in 1969 when the Old Moccasin Powerhouse was taken out of service. Only a tiny proportion of Yosemites visitors explore this out-of-the-way corner of the national park. The Blackberry Inn Bed and Breakfast is just one of many welcoming businesses located on the way to Hetch Hetchy. Everyone who drinks water or takes a shower in San Francisco should go. On a national stage, Hetch Hetchy became caught in the cross fire between the interests of private utilities ownership and those of municipal ownership. Denouncing dam proponents as greedy, he wrote, These temple destroyers, devotees of ravaging commercialism, seem to have a perfect contempt for Nature, and instead of lifting their eyes to the God of the Mountains, life them to the Almighty Dollar. The first is utilitarian conservation. Looking up at Wapama Falls from the footbridge on the hiking trail. On returning home, he asked an Indian chief the name of the valley. The Dam flooded about nine miles of the river, including the Hetch Hetchy valley. [5] Chief Tenaya of the Yosemite Valley's Ahwaneechee tribe claimed that Hetch Hetchy was Miwok for "Valley of the Two Trees", referring to a pair of yellow pines that once stood at the head of Hetch Hetchy. Guests at these suites receive breakfast on their patios. Pinchot was Americas Forester. He served as the first head of the United States Forest Service. Surrounding the water are a few waterfalls, the most prominent being Tueeulala and Wapama Falls, and countless rock features. Over the last 35 years, the idea has been studied by the Environmental Defense Fund, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, UC Davis, and several state agencies. A) 5 billion B . For functional purposes, Hetch Hetchy was a promising solution to San Francisco's serious water shortages. "[65] Harold L. Ickes, Secretary of the Interior in the late 1930s, said there was a violation of the Raker Act, but he and the city reached an agreement in 1945. [59] The water quality is high because of the unique geology of the upper Tuolumne River drainage basin, which consists mostly of bare granite; as a result, the rivers feeding Hetch Hetchy Reservoir have extremely low loads of sediments and nutrients. OShaughnessy Dam and the waterworks that connect it to the Bay Area are a marvel of engineering. . Yet it also highlighted the division within the conservation movement over two fundamental principles: utilitarian conservation versus preservation. The San Francisco Bulletin printed a Dec. 1, 1913, story calling the bills opponents a crowd ofnature lovers and fakers, who are waging a sentimental campaign to preserve the Hetch Hetchy Valley as a public playground, a purpose for which it has never been used.. Fortunately, that time has not yet come, so this November, vote no on the Water Sustainability and Environmental Restoration Planning Act of 2012. Lets keep Hetch Hetchy around for the forseeable future. . Divide the class into four small groups. The Hetch Hetchy system's supporters say it has one of the smallest carbon footprints of any water system in the United States because its water is of such high quality that it requires no. As the Hetch Hetchy Valley was part of Yosemite National Park, Hitchcock preferred to protect the parks natural wonders. Consider one project in progress that involves re-routing an entire river . In the 21st century, Ken Brower, son of the renown environmentalist David Brower, wrote a fascinating account of the failed campaign to save Hetch Hetchy and the modern effort to Reverse an American Mistake, complete with speculation about how the rebirth of a wild valley might evolve. Furthermore, they provided a place for the wild plants and creatures to live out their own lives, according to their purposes. Those who presumed to speak for wealth, much of which flowed to San Francisco, believed they were transforming a pioneer land into a settled, civilized one. The main problem with the measure is that in spite of appearing to be about studying best options or planning for future water supplies, it has pre-determined the solution: draining Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. Environmentalists lost what was the opening battle in a fight to preserve Americas natural wonders. The battle for Hetch Hetchy wasnt just conservationists vs preservationists. This strenuous 2.5-mile, round-trip hike to the Tuolumne River has 1,229 feet of elevation gain. The O'Shaughnessy Dam was completed in 1923 and, after the . Valley, reservoir, and aqueduct in California, USA, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMatthes1930 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWohlforth2004 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWhitney1874 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGlennon2009 (, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Hetch Hetchy, List of dams and reservoirs in California, List of the tallest dams in the United States, "Alternatives for Restoration of Hetch Hetchy Valley Following Removal of the Dam and Reservoir", "Hetch Hetchy Reclaimed: Drain it, then what? Would there be any room in an acquisitive society for wildness, or for non material spiritual values?. [2] The dam contains 675,000cuyd (516,000m3) of concrete. The reservoir provides water to a large portion of the Bay Area through a 160 mile delivery. For example, plan to stop at the Lucky Buck Cafe on your way to or from a day of exploring Yosemite. Even before it was finished, the massive . [39], Interest in using the valley as a water source or reservoir dates back as far as the 1850s, when the Tuolumne Valley Water Company proposed developing water storage there for irrigation. the Hetch Hetchy Dam (1910-13) Abstract The damming of Hetch Hetchy in Yosemite National Park is a watershed event in environmental history, a presumed travesty that brought anguish to John Muir and his many sup porters throughout the United States. Over the next decade, he produced fifteen large oils that transformed the valley into a dreamland unlike anything that ever met mortal eye.. But tearing OShaughnessy Dam down now in order to restore Hetch Hetchy Valley would be a disaster. Being one of the biggest hydroelectric facilities in the United States and a National Landmark, Hoover Dam generates power to serve more than 1.3 million people. These clean and comfortable rooms also enjoy access to the pool, spa and other facilities at Yosemite Westgate Lodge. Albright, along with Stephen Mather, became instrumental players in the creation of a national park system three years after Congress decided the issue of Hetch Hetchy. Garfield had granted San Franciscos request, but Ballinger ordered the city to show cause as to why Hetch Hetchy should not be deleted from their grant. [30] After the valley's native inhabitants were driven out by the newcomers, it was used by ranchers, many of whom were former miners, to graze livestock. DWR also found that the planning studies necessary to refine the costs and benefits of restoration would cost $65 million alone. [51][52] The aqueduct delivers an average of 265,000acreft (327,000,000m3) of water each year, or 31,900,000cuft (900,000m3) per day, to residents of San Francisco and San Mateo, Santa Clara and Alameda Counties. California needed secure, reliable access to drinking water for their burgeoning populations. "[81] Hodel, now retired, is still[when?] This effort was famously and vociferously fought by John Muir and was the subject of a national debate for years; the loss later galvanized the Sierra Club to successfully oppose large dams in Dinosaur National Monument and Grand Canyon National Park. San Francisco applied to the United States Department of the Interior to gain water rights to Hetch Hetchy, and in 1908 President Theodore Roosevelt's Secretary of the Interior, James R. Garfield, granted San Francisco the rights to development of the Tuolumne River. Should natural resources be used to serve the greatest good for the greatest number? As surely as forests provided timber, so did they provide beauty, inspiration, and the renewal of over-citified spirits. [21] Periodic clearing of the valley provided ample space for the growth of the grasses and shrubs they relied on, as well as additional room for large game animals such as deer to browse. The reservoir supplies water for the city of San Francisco, so there is no recreational boating or swimming allowed. Instead, the magnificence of a valley often described as Yosemite Valleys slightly smaller twin takes center stage. This trail is 13 miles round-trip with 3,700 feet elevation gain. The OShaughnessy Dam was completed in 1938 and is 430-feet tall. . As well dam for water-tanks the peoples cathedrals and churches, for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man . O'Shaughnessey Dam Facts. An advantage which Phelan, Pinchot and other supporters of the dam project enjoyed was a divided opposition. [67], Those in opposition of dam removal state that demolishing O'Shaughnessy Dam would take away a valuable source of clean, renewable hydroelectric power in the Kirkwood and Moccasin powerhouses; even if measures such as seasonal water diversion into the powerhouses were employed, it would only make up for a fraction of the original power production. Such new supplies are not guaranteed to have the low greenhouse gas emissions profile that Hetch Hetchy water and power do and they could worsen climate change while increasing our vulnerability to it. Native American cultures were prominent before the 1850s when the first settlers from the United States arrived in the Sierra Nevada. The upcountry portion of the System begins with Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park. Hoover Dam. There are four fundamental ways in which dams damage rivers. Second, the sanctity of the national parks which they believed should not be violated. Today the 117-billion-gallon reservoir supplies drinking water to about 2.5 million San Francisco Bay Area residents and hydro-electric power generated by two plants downstream. . Photo: Chris Migeon. According to a local legend, Nate spotted a valley to the east that was too far to visit. Not far from there, youll find more budget-minded lodging at Buck Meadows Lodge. San Francisco assumed from the outset that there would not be significant opposition to using the Hetch Hetchy Valley, even if it was in a national park, for the high and noble purpose of providing water to one of the nations great and growing metropolises, so their efforts in Washington, DC, were conducted discreetly. Expect delicious meals and hearty portions to fuel your adventure or beat that post-hiking hunger. [24] Screech reported that the valley was bitterly disputed between the "Pah Utah Indians" (Paiute) and "Big Creek Indians" (Miwok), and witnessed several fights in which the Paiute appeared to be the dominant tribe. High temperatures prevail in summer months, but that is a small price to pay for the reward of vast wilderness filled with stunning peaks, hidden canyons, and remote lakes. And it is the largest single source of water supply for the Bay Area. Even in the summer when Yosemite Valley is being explored by visitors from around the world, Hetch Hetchy remains an oasis of relative calm. Dams, including this one, dont last forever, and perhaps in a few generations the conversation about a different future for the Hetch Hetchy Valley may be worthwhile. The main power facility in the system, the Moccasin Powerhouse, began commercial operation on August 14, 1925. Would that be an improvement? That's about twice the amount of power lost when Hetch Hetchy will be restored. The National Park Service conducted research to determine what would happen if the dam were removed, and people have repeatedly proposed costly studies to further understand the consequences of removing the dam. As a consequence, visitors came to experience it for themselves. [61] In 2018, the Department of the Interior of the Trump administration began to consider a proposal to allow limited boating on the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir for the first time, supported by the advocacy group Restore Hetch Hetchy which argued that "San Francisco received [Hetch Hetchy's] benefits long ago, but the American people have not.
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