Isabel Fernandez is a Spanish actress. Crash! Isabel shook her head, convinced she was hearing things, and put her lips back to her trumpet. We didnt ask for civil war! Ill stay here with your father. Josef and Ruth were only too glad to get away from Papa. They didnt call it that then. And the crew wasnt just being nice because they didnt know Josef and his family were Jews. No, no, you cant go through Azaz anymore, the soldier said. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Mahmoud sank to the floor of the old Mercedes station wagon and tried to disappear. Tomorrow, hed told Mahmouds father. The kittens nose sniffed eagerly at the air, and it meowed. No ambulances came to help the wounded. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. More than half their village was on the sand, clapping, waving, and cheering on the boats. It was a salsa tune she liked to play, but this time she listened past the music. Instant PDF downloads. They came to the door of the Jewish train car, and the Hitler Youth spun Josef around. Josef remembered a time in class, back when he was allowed to go to school. The Nazis hadnt said it with words, but the message was clear: Josef and his family werent wanted in Germany anymore. Lets go, the boy said, and he marched Josef back through the dining car. Its tummy purred like an outboard motor, and it butted its head against Isabels hand in between bites. Why not? Isabel said. Thinking about Klaus made Josef think about other things, but he blinked away the bad memories. Mahmouds arc examines the benefits and drawbacks of being invisible. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. He and his mother and sister would be put off the train, maybe even sent to a concentration camp. Soon the sisters ran back outside, hanging on to each other with laughter. Like this? They all had short black beards like Mahmouds father, and wore head scarves of different colors and patterns. Underneath this painting were the words, FIGHT AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE AND WIN. Josef sacrifices himself in order to relieve his mother from the burden of this choice and to save his little sister Ruthie from the concentration camps. Josef raised himself up. Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. But, the driver stops the car and points a gun at them, demanding almost all of the rest of their money. I know a little shack in the cane fields. Twelve-year-old Mahmoud Bishara is used to being invisibleit is how he survives. They broke lamps and lightbulbs. But the Nazis had told them to get out of Germany twice now, and the Landau family wasnt going to wait around to see what the Nazis would do next. A bar mitzvah alone didnt make him an adult. Isabel sipped from a bottle of soda. As her grandfather arrived and helped Isabel get her father to his feet, she understood. The boys pissed himself! The Nazis laughed, and Josefs face burned hot with shame. Struggling with distance learning? Renata and Evelyne jumped out from behind a lifeboat and grabbed Josef by the hand. It demolishes an entire outside wall. Boats built out of Styrofoam and oil drums. What if they follow us? As it passed, Mahmoud saw a young couple sitting in the back. They walk to a bus stop and reach the Hungarian border. The smuggler had just told them their boat wasnt leaving tonight. Were against whoever is dropping the bombs too, the soldier at the window said. A new life. A crown jewel of the Middle East. What was his first name? Please! Mahmoud cried. The girls yanked up the string, and they all dropped to the deck behind the rail where the man couldnt see them laughing. First, Josef said, we need some soap. Once they had found a bar, Josef showed them how to soap up a door handle so that it was so slick it was impossible to turn. the wall. The family hikes across the border to Macedonia. People were as thick on the ground as sugarcane. Things will get better. Were you able to get the cash weve put away? Mahmouds mother nodded, but she was clearly still worried. What did the Serbian taxi driver do after stopping the taxi on the highway? -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character Mahmoud Bishara appears in. For this crime against the German people, you will be taken into protective custody. Josef looked at his father, panicked. He hated that man. And Waleed was centimeters from joining them both. All the cows and pigs and sheep had been slaughtered and eaten. More ships full of refugees? (full context) .are glassy, but he is able to talk. It was usually held on the first Shabbosthe Sabbath, the Jewish day of restafter a boys thirteenth birthday. Sometimes it was the back alleys; there could be fighters in the streets, who were always targets for the opposition. Everywhere around them, people fled into the streets, covered in gray dust and blood. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The policemans eyes flashed from anger to surprise, and then back to anger. Tomorrow,' he'd told Mahmoud's father." Alan Gratz author Refugee book Youssef Bishara character despair refugees smugglers concepts 07 He pulled the family with him into the stacks of crates, and Josef tried to keep up with him as he darted from place to place, dodging imaginary enemies. The car skids to a stop, and Youssef, Fatima (with, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days from home (1), Mahmoud tells the man that the family has nowhere to go, and that his sister, Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea 2015, 11 days from home (1), He then hears Fatima scream out, and watches as she struggles to lift a crying, for help, but the dinghy isnt slowing down. Her father looked surprised at the question. She grabbed her trumpet, gave it one long, sad look, and ran out the back door. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. She tells Mahmoud that they will find, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Refugee by Alan Gratz (18) Mahmoud is 13 years old in 2015, and lives in Aleppo, Syria with his father Youssef, his mother Fatima, his read analysis of Mahmoud Bishara Josef 's younger sister, who is six years old when they board the St. Louis to escape Nazi Germany. Josef felt like someone had yanked his heart from his chest. Shed quit the hospital when Hana was born, but not before the war had begun. When Mahmoud and his family are placed with a host . Refine any search. Papi hissed as she disinfected them with the iodine. what were two observations the boys made about lesbos from the boat? Mahmoud froze. No station agents stopped to ask if they needed help finding their train. One of the teachers walked up and down the hall ringing a handbell, and Mahmoud collected his backpack and went to find his little brother, Waleed. Dont be so quick to grow up, boy, the Brownshirt told Josef. What happens to Josef at the end of the book? Josefs breath caught in his throat and Ruthie cried out and buried her face in Josefs stomach as their papa pulled the two of them into a hug. This gains a large amount of media attention, and Austrians greet them at the border with food, water, and medicine. Women with burns. Her grief becomes another way in which Mahmoud is forced to grow up early, as he becomes a caretaker for his parents and feels guilty over the burden of the decision that he made. The captains in a tight spot, he is. A shabby-looking man stumbled out from behind the crates and luggage piled up on the dock, and Ruthie screamed. The blood drained from Josefs face. Around them were countless more Syrian families, all hoping to be let in. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Ridiculous! He stepped back and held her at arms length. And there were so many boats. Without these stupid armbands, without the letter J stamped on his passport, would anyone know he was Jewish? If you were invisible, the bad people couldnt hurt you, that was true. Mama pulled Ruth into her lap. No! And how exactly are they going to get better, Mariano? Your mother is pregnant, for one thing! Lito said. He spotted the piece of candy Josef had bought for Ruth and took it. Change). LitCharts | Summary & Analysis All 1600 LitChart PDFs are available for immediate download (including Refugee). His head was bent low, but his voice was loud and clear. They were all alive! Not any longer. When he sees a few United Nations representatives passing by the compound, he shouts and gets their attention. Advertisement. Aaron Landau is a well-known actor. Everyone on the crew had treated Josef and his family with kindness and respect, despite his fathers repeated warnings that all Germans were out to get them. The north. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Mahmoud stared up at their building. Well buy new ones! Mahmoud told him. She could fix that too. But that trumpet was everything to you! No, not everything, Isabel thought. It hasnt been for months. The air seemed to crackle around them like static from a radio. He dragged Waleed with him toward the front door, but Waleed pulled back. However, Waleed, unable to cope, has just turned into a robot, numb to the pain around him. He hurried across the room, his ankles turning painfully on broken bits of wall. Im hot, Ruthie said, pulling at her coat. Daesh? His shoulder ached and his chest still seared with every hard, desperate breath, but the only thing that mattered now was getting to his mother. Mahmoud looked out the dusty car window as a jet fighter streaked by high above them, headed for Aleppo. It was the last straw for the police. I was inspired to create this Sutori from Mahmoud, a character from the book Refugee by Alan Gratz. Captains got the engines maxed out. Has to, the other said. That prompted someone to break out food and drinks, even though it was late. If you were invisible, the bad people couldn't hurt you, that was true. But the good people couldn't help you, either." Alan Gratz A hand grabbed her, making her jump, and she spun around. They left as suddenly as they had come, and Josef and his sister and mother huddled together on their knees in the middle of the room. It doesnt have to be a snowman. This is serious, Mom said. She dropped to her knees and pulled them both into a hug. Mahmoud Bishara. The man behind the steering wheel honked his horn and took the cigar out of his mouth to yell at her. One group is handing out diapers. Last updated by Jill W on 01 Sep 20:48 Answers: 1. perspective of Refugee. We didnt want to leave our homes! another man yelled. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Josef and Ruthie went over to see what they were doing. Instant PDF downloads. A specimen. Which side do you support? The question was as dangerous as his gun. Once they board, they find his father and brother as well. Mahmoud finally sees the power of visibility when he decides to walk out of the Hungarian detention center and lead the other refugees on a 12-hour march to Austria. He felt the stirrings of indignation, of anger, of sympathy. It was Isabels favorite place in the whole city. People rushed out of the side streets. They arrive on Lesbos and hunt for Hana, but she is nowhere to be found. His heart was pounding so hard he thought it would burst right out of his chest, but Mahmoud found the courage to grab Waleed by the arm, drag him over the seat, and dive headfirst out the door. The soldier had a hole in his head. Mahmoud couldnt remember the last time hed seen his brother laugh, or cry, or show any emotion whatsoever. Lots of them! The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. High above her, Isabel saw people climbing out onto the big electric sign hanging from the side of a tourist hotel, and it gave her an idea. . She was very pretty, even in her blue police uniform. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Josef was about to leave when he thought to buy Ruthie a piece of candy. The way the content is organized, One of the three protagonists of the book, alongside. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. My father was almost arrested, Isabel said. Each one came up to Isabels chest. The kitten wasnt too different from her, Isabel realized: thin, hungry, and in need of a bath. Shed never known any other life except this one. Seor Castillo was trying to get the motor started. Fidel Castro, the man who ruled Cuba as president and prime minister, wouldnt allow anyone to leave the countryespecially not to go to the United Statesel norte, as Cubans called it. They all continue to walk for twelve hours, all the way to Austria and freedom. After walking for days, the family finally crosses the border into Turkey, in step with hundreds of other fleeing refugees (3.5 million and counting refugees now live in Turkey). Hush, Ruthie. What am I going to do with that? he asked. No, my son is just twelve. They couldnt afford their old place, not since the Nazis told Josefs father he wasnt allowed to practice law anymore because he was Jewish. Get personalized recommendations. Ever since the Soviet Union had collapsed, the only currency most Cubans had were the booklets you got stamped when you went to pick up your food rations from the store. With no one to overpay for it, the cane fields dried up, the sugar refineries closed, and people lost their jobs. Banned from movie theaters in Germany because she was a Jew, Ruthie had seen her first cartoon on board during movie night and loved iteven if it was followed by a newsreel with Hitler yelling about Jews. The rabbi stood in front of the crowd and read from Hosea. Josef was so scared he wet himself, the warm liquid spreading through his nightclothes. Theres no service again. Finally, Shabbos arrived. LitCharts Teacher Editions. With his fathers mental health deteriorating quicker, Josef threatens him to ensure that he can pass the medical inspection to get into Cuba, reversing their roles as father and son. If you stood the ship on end, it would have been taller than any building in Berlin. The MEA air barrier market is projected to reach US$ 1,576.20 million by 2028, up from US$ 1,258.12 million in 2022. Were not going anywhere soon. I can fix that! Isabel said. No, wait for me! Isabel yelled, spitting seawater. Mahmouds dad kept driving. Bullets whizzed by, then caught the car againping-ping-pingand Mahmouds dad threw open the drivers-side door and pulled Mom and Hana out with him. Josefs mother led him and his sister through the crowds to the Hamburg docks, where their ship waited for them. And we dont need a fugitive on board. Ivn looked at him funny, but only Isabel saw it. . I found a bit of dead fish on the beach for the cat. Isabel recoiled at the smell, but the kitten came running back, eating greedily from Ivns hand. What other ships were they talking about? A fist closed around Josefs heart, and he dove for the armband. Mothers carried babies in slings. Were refugees! Mahmoud yelled, unable to stay silent any longer. Go, go. Here, Mahmoud emphasizes that being invisible serves as a form of protection for him: the less he is noticed, the less likely it is for him to be attacked. All they knew from images on TV and posts on Facebook and Twitter was that people in Tunisia and Libya and Yemen were rioting in the streets, and as each country stood up and said Enough! so did the next one, and the next one, until at last the Arab Spring came to Syria. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Bombings and death were a normal part of Mahmouds life.