This was Howards first franchise.. Just six years later, Imperial gave up and sold Howard Johnsons to rival restaurant empire Marriott in 1985 for $314 million, half what Imperial had paid for it. America's final Howard Johnson's restaurant a 7,500-square-foot single-story diner, which had sat off Lake George, NY's Route 9 for almost 70 years has closed its doors, ending an era for. This moldering abandonment waits silently for either the wrecking ball or a casual arsonist while defiantly wearing its mildewed orange roof as a callout to long past better days. N. . Eager to ensure that his store would remain successful, Johnson decided to devise a new ice cream recipe. By 1979, the company had over one thousand owned and franchised Howard Johnsons restaurants. I haven't thought of them in years and for some reason it popped into my head. The COVID-19 information line can be reached at (410) 313-6284. Tagged Diving. (images via: Debra Jane Seltzer (Roadsidenut) and Host of the Highways). The lodging part of the company has fared a bit better. PLANNING A TRIP? Copyright 2019-2021 The American Business History Center, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), posted the 1968 revenue data for the largest foodservice and lodging chains. Great Memories. All this is yours at Howard Johnsons. In addition to offering kid-friendly food at lower prices, industrial designer John Alcotts firm created a variety of menus that kept the kids entertained. After several changes of ownership, the inns are now owned by the giant lodging franchise organization Wyndham, branded as Howard Johnson by Wyndham. [40], Marriott left all company-owned and franchised motor lodges untouched, as the deal called for them to be sold a year later (in 1986) to Prime Motors Inns, an existing franchisee with 63 motels.[38]. Material on this site is provided for education, criticism, commentary, cultural reporting, entertainment, historical reference, and news reporting/analysis. The locations are part of the economy segment of Wyndham, generating the lowest average room revenues per night of any brand in the big Wyndham portfolio, which includes Super 8, Days Inn, La Quinta, Ramada, Travelodge, and Baymont. Does the collection plate exude the faint aroma of fried clams? [65], In March 2022, after a number of controversies, the Lake George restaurant permanently closed, the last restaurant establishment to use the Howard Johnson's name.[66]. Family members meals were charged at normal rates. And while nostalgists mourn the looming end of. It's on the menu! Howard Johnson by Wyndham has been helping guests create memories for decades. Howard dropped out of school to roll and sell cigars for his father and became an astute salesman. He made the momentous decision to double the amount of butterfat in the ice cream sold at his Quincy, Massachusetts soda fountain. Howard Johnson. 2 Howard Johnson Locations City Shortcuts: Tucson Tucson Howard Johnson Locations (2) Howard Johnson in 85713 at 1010 S Fwy Howard Johnson in 85713 at 1025 E Benson Hwy 28 flavors of ice cream, too! And perhaps it is not a shock that that location has low ratings on sites like Yelp and TripAdvisor. But the lobby is modern and up to date. Key to the companys success were its real estate and architectural strategies. Would it be flippant to suggest this venerable eatery has been reborn to serve a higher power? After Tuesday's closure, the iconic chain, which boasted more than 1,000 outlets in the 1970s, is down to just one location, in Lake George, New York. The front desk clerk on the PM shift. Johnson, Howard. These 48 vintage indoor malls were so dazzling, youll want to hop in a time machine and shop til you drop, The famous Bacardi rum cake recipe: Find out how to make the classic dessert, step-by-step with photos, 140+ beautiful 50s mid century wallpaper samples for some whimsical retro decor inspiration, Vintage 1930s suits: See 60+ old-fashioned menswear styles, Vintage Fashion from the 1960s adult coloring book: 50 pages of retro 60s clothing for women, Groovy Fashion of the 70s: Vintage Women Coloring Book #10, Vintage Homes Adult Coloring Book #2: Classic Victorian Houses, Something Old: Vintage Wedding Dress Fashion Look Book, Classic Cars Adult Coloring Book #2: Vintage 1920s Automobiles (1920-1929), Who was Suzy Homemaker? Deciding is half the fun, for appetites of all sizes. Sign up for our free weekly newsletter with more stories like this. By 1979, a relatively short time from the companys peak, Bud Johnson decided to get out of the business, selling the company to Britains Imperial Group, formerly the Imperial Tobacco Company, for $630 million. For ENGIE, a French energy company, the old proverb "third time's the charm" turned out to be true. Howard Johnson About HoJo Locations Road Trip Guide Contact Reservations: (800) 221-5801 Customer Care/Help Wyndham Business About Wyndham Business Corporate Travel Group Travel Meetings Travel Advisors Terms & Policies Best Rate Guarantee Privacy Notice Terms of Use About Safemark Cookie Consent Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information Johnson wanted to expand his company, but the stock market crash of 1929 prevented this. When twenty-four-year-old Johnsons father died in 1921, the son inherited a business that was about $30,000 in debt (about a half million dollars in 2021 money). Howard Johnson's, or Howard Johnson by Wyndham, is an American hotel chain with locations worldwide. Howard Johnson's, Wollaston, Mass Ice Cream Shops and Restaurants Landmark For Hungry Americans Vintage Howard Johnson's: Calling all appetites! Marina Bay boasts shopping, dining, and fresh ocean breezes, and golfers can hit the links nearby at Granite Links Golf Club or Presidents Golf Course. For a juicy cut of roast beef? Revenues and profits continued to rise in the 1970s. The Springfield, New Jersey, restaurant sent out 10,000 cards one year, and they had a 50 percent return on those who came to take advantage of the birthday offer. [9] Since 2006, all hotels and company trademarks have been owned by Wyndham Hotels and Resorts. Prime Motors Inns continued to preserve the lodges, just as Marriott had, until weak hotel and real estate markets caused it to sell off its assets and cease operations in 1990. Johnson bought the Wayland Red Coach Grill and used it as the model for a new concept, a more upscale steakhouse restaurant chain called Red Coach Grills. Marriott already owned Big Boy Restaurants and Roy Rogers Restaurants. Meeting a stranger in a railway station, a woman is tempted to cheat on her husband. In less than 14 years, Johnson directed a franchise network of over 10,000 employees with 170 restaurants, many serving 1.5 million people a year. Every restaurant followed a thick bible which detailed recipes, how to prepare the food, how to serve it, staff uniforms, signs, advertising, and every other aspect of operation. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; He ran the cigar store until 1924 when he liquidated it, but he could not erase the $10,000 debt. Some were maps of the United States, one was a guide to the metric system. HoJos was the original fast casual restaurant one of the only restaurants where you didnt have to dress up, and pretty much the only one that was kid-friendly back in the day. I had the camera running and pointed in the right direction. Johnson Outdoors is proud of the inclusive diving community SCUBAPRO fosters. Marriott said it will acquire more than 400 Howard Johnson's restaurants for about $65 million as part of a larger purchase of the famous restaurant and hotel chain from the Imperial Group, a . Cherry Almond. The company reached its peak that year, but the late 1970s marked the beginning of the end for the Howard Johnson Company. amzn_assoc_asins = "B00XRFTTAM"; Marriott was interested in the company-owned restaurants for real estate. So he focused on perfecting his franchise system. Their lemon ice cream (not sherbet) was amazing. According to cultural historians, the chain became synonymous with travel among American motorists and vacationers in part because of Johnson's ubiquitous outdoor advertising displays.[20]. The men were served drinks without incident at the restaurant; they later visited Julius' Bar where they were denied service, eventually leading to changes in the laws. In 1959, Howard made his twenty-six-year-old son, Howard B. If you liked this article, please share it! According to NPR, one of the last three Howard Johnson's restaurants closed its doors this week. H. B. Johnson attempted to streamline company operations and cut costs, such as serving cheaper food and having fewer employees. Fads and fashions in foodservice come and go with regularity. Article by Steve, filed under Product Listing Category Page. Cendant acquired the rights to operate and maintain the remaining Howard Johnson's restaurants. They were our go-to dinner spot when we were on vacation. The first one sold 14,000 ice cream cones on one Sunday alone. As of 2023, there are less than 150 Howard Johnson hotels left in the United States, where the chain originated. Johnsons nearby restaurant was mobbed by the theatergoers and its reputation for quality food spread throughout the Boston area. The Howard County Board of Zoning Appeals voted 3-2 Tuesday to approve the company's . His father was a cigar manufacturer, retailer, and wholesaler. But some Howard Johnson's continued the practice, inviting protests. [59] A new from the ground up operation, it lacked a kitchen staff and crew formerly connected or experienced with the Howard Johnson's Restaurant chain. Throughout the early 1930s and consistently through the mid-1980s, Howard Johnson's restaurants were everywhere in the United States. Enforcement of standards for the companys franchisees also slipped. Howard Johnsons, Wollaston, Mass Ice Cream Shops and Restaurants Landmark For Hungry Americans. Through word of mouth, more Americans became familiar with the Howard Johnson Company.[14]. The Howard Johnson's in Greenfield, Massachusetts (left) made it to 2002 with perfectly intact 1960s styling, save for the fact that the cupola fins were repainted "environmental" brown in the 1970s. Note: ClickAmericana.com features authentic historical information, and is not intended to represent current best practices on any topic, particularly with regard to health and safety. Future senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders, while a student at the University of Chicago in 1962, helped organize picketing of a Howard Johnson's location in Cicero, Illinois, during his time as a student activist for CORE. Brief Encounter: Directed by David Lean. She told a reporter from The New York Times, I dressed the waitresses in aqua, did the walls in aqua, I made the placemats in aqua. Anything can be salvageable if a great deal of time and money and effort is put in it. Connecticut. When wealthy socialite Dorothy May Kinnicutt Parish (known as Sister Parish) began her decorating business in the 1930s, Johnson hired her to decorate the restaurant he built in Somerville, New Jersey. Michele: One of the more dramatic underwater . No detail was too small, no deviation or experimentation was permitted. Johnson studied traffic patterns, sought key highway intersections, and looked for hilltop sites and others which were visible from at least a mile away. Old-fashioned Tastee-Freez ice cream shops: Remember these treats? Rather than fight the mayor, the Theatre Guild moved the production to Quincy. His menu expanded to include traditional American items like pot pies, fried chicken, and hamburgers. Abandoned Places in the Architecture category. What most caught his attention was the popularity and profitability of ice cream. While many places sold "fried clams", they were whole, which was not universally accepted by the American dining public. Marriott, renowned for the quality of its management, had no desire to continue the Howard Johnsons name. Although he is mostly known for his motel, hotel, and restaurant chains, it was his branded ice cream that gave him a spectacular start in the business.. Howard Johnson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1885. When Howard Brennan Johnson (son of founder Howard Deering Johnson) sold his company in 1979, it set off a decade-long domino effect of ownership changes, none of which helped the chain recover its declining fortunes. They successfully obtained all the rights to operate and maintain the company-owned and franchised lodges. It was the last Colonial style location left with an orange roof. Kissimmee. Just think! However, it was vacant in 2010 when these photos were taken. Rather than promoting the restaurants to travelers, management knew it had to focus on nearby population centers. Your donations help us show the importance of learning from the past. Dutch Duo Turns Rio Slum into Rainbow of Painted Color, Floating Whales & Other Unlikely Creatures Invade Cities in Murals by Nevercrew, Trail Blazing: Freezeway Path for Ice Skaters Opens in Canada, The Charge Cycle: Bike-Powered Public Phone Charging Station. In North America, the chain offers affordable lodging to families and budget-conscious business travelers along with such amenities as continental breakfast, in-room coffee . Johnson figured out how to make whole families comfortable. Write for free descriptive road map showing route numbers and locations of all Howard Johnsons on your way. Howard: In 1989 I jumped into the water off San Diego to film blue sharks feeding on a patch of krill. With his success becoming more noticeable every year, Johnson convinced local bankers to lend him funds to operate a family-style restaurant. Vintage Howard Johnson Advertising Poster. Colorado. You get ice cream with the famous 28 flavors, fried clams and other New England favorites. Summer Memories. Howard Johnson's, 89 Beale Street, Quincy, Massachusetts Throughout the summers of the late 1920s, Johnson opened concession stands on beachfront property along the coast of Massachusetts. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; Howard Johnson also owned and operated company stores, which he actually preferred, using franchising only when money was tight and held back his expansion plans. This image was taken facing west at approximately 7:30 AM on Monday, August 22, 2016. Gone from the bill of fare would be the old, eccentric Howard Johnson's exclusives the butter-grilled "Frankfort" in a toasted lobster-roll bun and cardboard cradle . former Howard Johnson's Howard Johnson witnessed the rise of this tourism and began to place his restaurants (and those of his franchisees) in the best possible locations. Once inside, diners found the exact same comforting look of knotty pine that they found in other Howard Johnsons. Those were about a decade after its Times . When the Pennsylvania Turnpike (1940), and later the Ohio Turnpike, New Jersey Turnpike and Connecticut Turnpike were built, Johnson bid for and won exclusive rights to serve drivers at service station turnoffs through the turnpike systems.[17]. In the 1930s, H.D. After his first 1935 franchise, he added more franchises (and some company-owned stores) as fast as he could. Now that you know, have fun looking around! We previously posted the 1968 revenue data for the largest foodservice and lodging chains. For more, see this website. Howard Johnson's Restaurant - CLOSED Unclaimed Review Save Share 176 reviews $$ - $$$ American 2143 Rt 9, Lake George, NY 12845-6117 +1 518-685-3022 + Add website See all (52) Ratings and reviews 176 RATINGS Food Service Value Atmosphere Details PRICE RANGE $5 - $10 CUISINES American Meals Breakfast View all details features, about [62][63][64] The restaurant continued to operate with Larock as owner, but was open sporadically, with limited days and hours. Again using a combination of company-operated and franchised locations, the roadside inn chain contributed significantly to company profits. The line of branded supermarket frozen foods, including ice cream, is no longer manufactured. Note: This article may feature affiliate links, and purchases made may earn us a commission at no extra cost to you. As sad and nostalgic as this story might be, it makes us at the American Business History Center even more impressed by those restaurant chains which have survived decade after decade, like White Castle. This dataset is a subset of Wyndham Group Hotels and Resorts Howard Johnson hotels list on the map Fields included in the Howard Johnson hotels location database Store No. The first "motor lodge" opened in 1954 as an addition to the wildly popular roadside restaurant. Your email address will not be published. (images via: William Bird, Collisionbend and Cleveland.com). This was bad timing, as the era also saw the coming of the big fast food chains, led by McDonalds under Ray Kroc, a man as obsessed with standardization and procedures as Buds dad. (A similar situation happened in Benton Harbor, MI, but the Holiday Inn-turned-HoJo's is now a Best Value Inn.) In a contemporaneous transaction, Marriott sold the motor lodge business and the Howard Johnson trademark to Prime Motor Inns, a New Jersey company. In 1986, Marriott gave FAI the right to operate and maintain Howard Johnson's restaurants. As far as I know, that was the first time a blue whale had been filmed feeding underwater. State Longitude Name Country [citation needed], As early as 1987, FAI chairman George Carter acknowledged that "We have the concept, but it desperately needs to be modernized, internally and externally. The Howard Johnsons brand was known in forty-three states, D.C., Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, and Canada. By 1954, there were 400 Howard Johnson's restaurants in 32 states, about 10% of which were extremely profitable company-owned turnpike restaurants; the rest were franchises. (images via: The Plain Dealer/Marvin Fong and Peace On Earth). Idaho Puerto Rico Hawaii Alaska Arkansas Vermont District of Columbia American Samoa Guam Delaware U.S. Virgin Islands Northern Mariana Islands North Dakota Minnesota There are 14 states and territories without Howard Johnson hotelss in the United States Cities with the most number of Howard Johnson hotelss in the United States Come to friendly, courteous Howard Johnsons tonight. The closest Howard Johnson in Somerset County, New Jersey is owned by Wyndam Hotels and is in North Plainfield, New Jersey. Menu Tag: old Howard Johnson Motor Inns. Makers of machines including Singer in sewing machines and McCormick (later called International Harvester) in farm equipment had begun exclusive territorial agencies in the 19th century. Ah, those deliciousdecisions! Heres how to party like its 1969, Print Color Fun: Free coloring pages & more fun for kids, Quotes Quotes Quotes: 1000s of clever & inspiring quotations, FindersFree.com: Find answers to lifes little questions. On April 21, 1966, at the Howard Johnson's in the Greenwich Village neighbourhood, Dick Leitsch, Craig Rodwell, and John Timmins, all members of the New York chapter of the Mattachine Society, an early American gay rights group, patronized the restaurant as part of a 'Sip-In' demonstration in protest of New York liquor laws that prevented serving gay customers. PS:Try Howard Johnsons candies, baked beans, brown bread and date and nut bread delicious! After four years, despite progress in a turnaround, Imperial reversed course and sold the company. In 1981 Imperial recruited G. Michael Hostage, then CEO of Continental Baking Company and formerly executive vice president of Marriott Corporation, to replace Johnson as CEO. I Remember When. Seeking better opportunities and a way to pay off the debt, in 1925 Howard bought a combination drug store, newsstand, and soda fountain in Quincy. Nevertheless, the rise of cigarette smoking reduced the demand for cigars, and the business struggled. While the highest tier in the hotel franchise (HoJo Hotel Plaza) did include a restaurant, there was no requirement that these replicate menus, format or branding of the former Howard Johnson restaurant chain. And millions of Long Islanders certainly remember sitting down to a quality meal at these memorable eateries back in the day. Now that you know, have fun looking around! (1955) The chain began in the mid-1950s in Miami but grew to be a nationwide phenomenon, with more than 400 restaurants in the 1970s at the height of its success. Johnsons success gave him added opportunity to capitalize on getting his name around. Long abandoned Howard Johnson hotel on Kingston Pike to be demolished. A year later , one of the first Howard Johnson's Restaurant in Connecticut was opened by Irving Carter, on Route 1 in Milford, CT. That restaurant remained open as a HoJo's until 1999. Howard Johnsons Lakefront Motor Lodge opened in 1965, the historical heart of the companys postwar golden age. While they had some success, they were not sufficiently profitable. Eisenhower. A combination of no vision, no reinvestment of capital, ageing restaurants, a stale menu, lack of marketing or new ideas, and competition from other chains had taken their toll; restaurants were closing their doors. Howard Johnson's restaurants were franchised separately from the hotel brand beginning in 1986, but in the years that followed, severely dwindled in number until eventually disappearing altogether. Tanner wound up needing three surgeries to reconstruct the foot. Howard Johnson's was a pioneer of the nationwide roadside restaurant, replicating from coast-to-coast everything from its signature orange roof, cupola, the Simple Simon and the Pieman plaques,. Hurry-up snacks or leusirely full-course meals. Feast yourself under the orange roof. If one picks up a travel guide from the 1960s and looks at the highest rated places, few of the restaurants are still tops or even in existence today, whereas most of the hotels are still hotels, under one owner or another. Prices were lower. Early life. Wyndham operated the Howard Johnson brand under many "tiers" based on price, level of amenities, and services offered. Howard Johnson Co., the struggling hotel and restaurant chain known for its orange rooftops and ice cream parlors, was acquired Tuesday by Marriott Corp. and Prime Motor Inns in a two-step deal . The store was primarily a newsstand and was located in Wollaston, Massachusetts. The company posted a net profit of $30 million on revenues of $420 million (counting only the franchise income from and product sales to franchisees, not their total revenue). Much like old Holiday Inn signs, Howard Johnsons signs were the faces of the franchise and when a HoJo loses its mojo, the sign is either the last to go or the first remnant to be reused. Every stay will give you a reason to smile with free WiFi and a free breakfast item. Bud Johnson president of the company, one of the youngest presidents of any major American company. A line of Howard Johnson-branded frozen foods disappeared from grocery stores after Fairfield Farms Kitchens shut down its Brockton, Massachusetts plant in 2006[9] and America's Kitchen of Atlanta, Georgia shut down in May 2008. Updated on: December 8, 2022 / 2:09 PM / CBS Minnesota. This was one of America's first franchising agreements. Under Cendant/Wyndham, the chain became a parking place for franchise conversions, which were existing independent motels which had been renovated and added to the chain in order to provide them with access to a nationally recognised name and central reservation infrastructure. Stop and see! Howard Johnson's restaurants and motels were at one time located in many Florida towns and cities. [34] Francis had severe depression as a direct result of the rape was a recluse for the seven years after the event, returning to public life in 1981.[35]. Howard Johnson's at 1200 Arsenal Street, affectionately known to many as HoJo's. Photo: unknown credit from postcard. More than a year has passed since Tanner lost all five toes on his left foot, when his father (Howard's son Glen) accidentally ran over it with a lawnmower. Yet by the 1980s, the party was over for this once-great company. If you ate at a "Howard Johnson's" after about 1973, it probably wasn't a real Howard Johnson's, but just a coffee shop with an orange roof and the old signage. In 1929, Johnson opened his first proper restaurant in Quincy, Massachusetts. In the process of recovering from these losses, in 1947 the Howard Johnson Company began construction of 200 new restaurants throughout the American Southeast and Midwest. ). One of the casualties was the big Queens location. Both often sold food of dubious quality and safety. amzn_assoc_linkid = "111eec73e1482d1f6e2d7b46e51aeb19"; MORE:Vintage KFC: About Colonel Sanders & the Kentucky Fried Chicken fast food chains history. The unique icons of orange roofs, cupolas, and weather vanes on Howard Johnson properties helped patrons identify the chain's restaurants and motels. 319, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Wyndham Hotel Group - Company Backgrounder", "The last Howard Johnson's restaurant closed, ending an era of Americana", "Locations - Howard Johnson by Wyndham Hotels", "Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc. 2022 Annual Report 10-K", "Ahead of spin-off, Wyndham Hotel Group puts a new spin on its brand names", "The last Howard Johnson's restaurant is for sale", "44 Companies Closing 48 Plants + 18 Bankruptcies (Fairfield Farm Kitchens closing Brockton, Ma plant)", "The History of Howard Johnson's Restaurant", "Thomas Soffron, 96, Creator of Clam Strips", "Rubenstein Library / ROAD / 1920-1929 (Outdoor Advertising Timeline: 1920-1929)", "Ghana finance minister denied service, Oct. 10, 1957", "CORE Protests Against Howard Johnson Chain", "Durham Civil Rights Heritage Project: Howard Johnson's Restaurant - 1962", "Here's What Bernie Sanders Actually Did in the Civil Rights Movement", "Before Stonewall, Julius' Bar Went Down in Gay History", "Today in fire history: hotel fire kills six", "CONNIE FRANCIS: COMEBACK TRAIL AFTER 7 LOST YEARS", "Marriott and Partner Buy Howard Johnson", "Company News; Prime Motor Inns in Trouble", "Howard Johnson Wildwood Boardwalk Pays Homage to History", "Restaurant Chain Fights Stale Image Operators Hope To End Howard Johnson Slump", "Fading HoJo's chain seeks new knight in shining armor", "Restaurants served a slice of Americana", "Wyndham Hotel Group is still planning for a HoJo's revival despite the challenges ahead", "Much-Anticipated Howard Johnson Brand Reinvigoration Unveiled at Wyndham Hotel Group Global Conference", "Howard Johnson by Wyndham | Refreshed Rooms", "With Nostalgia and a Last Nosh, 1 of 3 Remaining HoJo's Closes: The Salt: NPR", "Howard Johnson restaurant to close; only 1 left", "The Last Howard Johnson's in the Universe", "Memory of a visit to the Lake George Howard Johnson's just got creepier", "Last orders for an American roadside legend", "Site of last Howard Johnson's restaurant up for sale", "Owner of Last HoJo's Restaurant Charged With Sexual Abuse", "Howard Johnson owner sentenced for sex crimes", "Lake George Howard Johnson's under new management after conviction of former operator", "America's last Howard Johnson's restaurant has closed", Red Roof Inn / Red Roof Plus / The Red Collection / HomeTowne Studios, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Howard_Johnson%27s&oldid=1140114445, Defunct restaurant chains in the United States, Articles needing additional references from August 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from October 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 14:25. Other old-timers like Steak N Shake and A&W also continue on, some faring better than others in one of the most challenging and competitive industries in America. You can also get our free newsletter, follow us on Facebook & Pinterest. Around this time, the chain introduced "Hojo Cola" and other private-label sodas, which disappointed some customers who preferred familiar products such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi. On 31 March 2015, the Lake Placid, N.Y., Howard Johnson's closed, leaving only two locations remaining.