Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. Italy's Mussolini. What are the countries with a democracy government? This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. Political culture: 5.00. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. [1]:68. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. 1. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. Albania - Communist Regime 3. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. [94], Marxist and nationalist movements became popular in Southeast Asia as a response to colonial control and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia, with both ideologies facilitating the creation of dictatorships after World War II. Syria - Well, it depends. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Sudan - 1989 to 2019 - Omar al-Bashir. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. [128]. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. Some have been in power for decades, such as President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial New Guinea. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. Uganda. Imelda Marcos. In the latter half of the 20th century, Latin America witnessed a rise in authoritarian regimes across the expanse of the regionoften with multiple dictators following different political . Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. Elections allow a dictatorship to exercise some control over the opposition by setting the terms under which the opposition challenges the regime. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. 8. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. 3. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. [145] Dictatorships may hold semi-competitive elections to qualify for foreign aid, to demonstrate a dictator's control over the government, or to incentivize the party to expand its information-gathering capacity, particularly at the local level. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Source by babeltravel. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . [41], Personalist dictatorships fit the exact classic stereotype of authoritarian rule. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. List of Cons of Dictatorships. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . (Dictator of Italy and Principal Founder of Fascism Who Was Prime Minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943.) Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. Latin America's new generation of dictators. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Types. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. 1. These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. Too Much Power. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. One person holds all of the country's power. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. He all but eradicated corruption. Personalistic dictatorships: 4. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. Military dictatorship: 2. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. The legislature must be popularly elected. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics.