feared Omissions? Genesis 47:18-22. what This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 15:30. Biblical depictions of the exile include Book of Jeremiah 3943 (which saw the exile as a lost opportunity); the final section of 2 Kings (which portrays it as the temporary end of history); 2 Chronicles (in which the exile is the "Sabbath of the land"); and the opening chapters of Ezra, which records its end. My official (Tartan) I placed over them as governor. A short synopsis of this story is found in 2 Kings 18. I remember one of my early teachers explaining how in the time from Abraham to Jesus there have been four 490 year periods in the history of Gods people. 25 Art by Sefira Lightstone And Consolation The book of Exodus describes their descent into slavery and miraculous rescue after some 430 years. A. Israel had apparently failed to observe the lands one-year-in-seven sabbath for 490 years, so the term of the Babylonian captivity was set at 70 years to make up the deficit. Lexpertise acquise avec lexprience du temps, la passion du voyage et des rencontres humaines toujours intacte nous permettent de vous proposer le meilleur des escapades et excursions au Vietnam et en Asie du Sud- Est. Webthere were brought 736 horses, 245 mules, 6,270 asses, and 420' camels. midwives WebMost Christians are aware that the Israelites were carried into captivity, but many know little about the details. Dpartpour Yen Bai via lancien village Duong Lam, balade pied dans ce charmant village, Ce voyage Vietnam Cambodge par le Mekong vous permet de dcouvrir un Delta du Mekong autrement, Approche solidaire respectueuse de lenvironnement. Sennacherib carried into Assyria 200,150 captives from Jewish cities ( 2 Kgs. [20], Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonian forces returned in 589 BCE and rampaged through Judah, leaving clear archaeological evidence of destruction in many towns and settlements there. When we think of the children or people of Israel we typically think of Jacob, his 12 sons, and their descendants. Babylon served as Gods intermediary for his judgment against Israel for its idolatry and rebellion. Psalm 137:12 poetically recounts how the deported Judahites felt as they sat, sat, and wept on the banks of Babylon as they thought of Zion. Many settled in what is now northern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. by Oxford University Press, 1999. p. 350, Yehud being the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew Yehuda, or "Judah", and "medinata" the word for province, History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire, "Second Temple Period (538 BCE. and again in God tells Abraham his descendants will be sojourners in a land that is not theirs and will be servants there and they will be afflicted for 400 years.. Ive searched in vain for the reference this teacher used, but remember that he had a very well documented presentation that gave support to the position that the interruption in Daniels 70 weeks is not unique. God bless you and your family, you have been a great and constant voice for Lord! Profitez de nos circuits pour dcouvrir le Myanmar, mystrieux et mystique. The Israelites were in captivity in Babylon for 70 years. Tiglath-pileser carried away the trans-Jordanic tribes and the inhabitants of Galilee ( 2 Kgs. Comptent et serviable, il ne manquera pas de vous indiquer les adresses ne surtout pas louper tout en vous offrant un moment unique de partage. 1 The degree to which the Jews looked upon Cyrus the Great as their benefactor and a servant of their God is reflected at several points in the Hebrew Biblee.g., at Isaiah 45:13, where he is actually called Gods anointed. According to many historical-critical scholars, the Torah was redacted during this time, and began to be regarded as the authoritative text for Jews. Find & sort all our resources. In the late 7th century BCE, the Kingdom of Judah was a client state of the Assyrian empire. According to 2nd Chronicles, Chapter 30, there is evidence that at least some people of the Northern Kingdom of Israel were not exiled. Privacy Policy and The event is described in the Hebrew Bible, and its historicity is supported by archaeological and extra-biblical evidence. Le Vietnam a tant de choses offrir. The Israelites had always believed in one God, but it was during their time in Babylon that they began to develop a more formalized religion. Pourquoi rserver un voyage avec Excursions au Vietnam ? women And be ye not like your fathers and like your brethren who acted treacherously against the LORD, the God of their fathers, so that He delivered them to desolation, as ye see. AuSud, vous apprcierez la ville intrpide et frntique de Ho Chi Minh Ville (formellement Saigon) ainsi que les vergers naturels du Delta du Mekong notamment la province de Tra Vinh, un beau site hors du tourisme de masse. of According to Genesis 46:27, Joseph and his family numbered 70 people when they moved to Egypt. He is the author of all the teachings here, and all materials are available free of charge! These cannot be reckoned as properly in the Babylonian Exile. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA, and the Google In that first foray, the Babylonians did not destroy the Temple, nor send the Jews into exile. Copyright 2023. Why did God command Abraham to sacrifice Isaac. This period saw their transformation into an ethno-religious group who could survive without a central Temple. I made it greater than it was before. In the end, the 70 years of captivity will be completed, and the captives will be released. Prior to exile, the people of Israel had been organized according to tribe. Throughout the 2 Chronicles and 2 Kings periods, much of the drama relates to the fall of the Northern Kingdom and Judah. 24:14; 25:11; 2Chr. As per the Book of Ezra in the Holy Bible, In the first year that Cyrus was king, he gave an order. 52). Nevertheless certain men of Asher and Manasseh and of Zebulun humbled themselves, and came to Jerusalem. There we read of this deportation of Israel and, a few years later, most of Judah. He appointed there a king of his own choice and taking heavy tribute brought it back to Babylon. We must remember that Scripture is never in error. Many scholars cite 597 bce as the date of the first deportation, for in that year King Jehoiachin was deposed and apparently sent into exile with his family, his court, and thousands of workers. More From Britannica. How long was the Israelites in captivity? Id be grateful for any help I can get in locating the specific references for these. Many centuries later, rabbis of the restored Kingdom of Judah were still debating the return of the lost ten tribes. This was in 607 Feedback: Is the Ark of the Covenant a Biblical Copy of the Egyptian Ark of the Contract? The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile is the period in Jewish history during which a number of Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylon, the capital of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The Babylonian Exile revealed a variety of unique experiences for Judahite exiles. During this time, many Jews were deported to Babylon, where they lived in poverty and exile. in mortar, and in brick, All rights reserved. Northern Mesopotamia, perhaps in the neighborhood of the Israelitish communities (see above). numerous. Jerusalem was besieged, but not taken. families (2 Kings 17:36), The king of Assyria carried the Israelites away to Assyria, settled them in Halah, on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes, because they did not obey the voice of the LORD their God but transgressed His covenant all that Moses the servant of the LORD had commanded; they neither listened nor obeyed. by Michael D Coogan. After this time, there were always sizable numbers of Jews living outside Eretz Israel; thus, it also marks the beginning of the "Jewish diaspora", unless this is considered to have begun with the Assyrian captivity of Israel. However, the Israelites did not give up. The first Assyrian captivity began in 722 BC and lasted for 70 years. And when Asa heard these words, even the prophecy of Oded the prophet, he took courage, and put away the detestable things out of all the land of Judah and Benjamin, and out of the cities which he had taken from the hill-country of Ephraim; and he renewed the altar of the LORD, that was before the porch of the LORD. WebAll of these situations and more is what the Jews went through during the Holocaust. Babylons exile came to an end with Cyrus of Persias defeat of it, allowing the Judeans to return home. Ajoutez votre touche perso ! WebThey have come to be known as the lost tribes. WebEx 12:40 Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt was 430 years. The captivity formally ended in 538 bce, when the Persian conqueror of Babylonia, Cyrus the Great, gave the Jews permission to return to Palestine. The four periods are 1) Abraham to the Exodus, 2) the Exodus to David, 3) David to the Babylonian Captivity, and 4) the return from Babylon to Jesus. In the process Josiah, the king of Judah, was killed in a battle with the Egyptians at the Battle of Megiddo (609 BCE). Sedecias (Zedekiah), an uncle of Joachin, was placed over the shadow of a kingdom remaining. (Ezra 1:2), who permitted all worshippers of Jehovah to return and build the temple in Jerusalem. Tl: +84 913 025 122 (Whatsapp) And and Vous pouvez tout moment contacter une de nos conseillres pour vous aider dans llaboration de votre projet. 17:24). The tribes forcibly resettled by Assyria later became known as the Ten Lost Tribes. Only part of the people availed themselves of this permission; the rest remained behind and formed the dispersion. If so, what about the passages that have 400 or 430 years? [1] In the fourth year of Nebuchadnezzar II's reign, Jehoiakim refused to pay further tribute, which led to another siege of the city in Nebuchadnezzar II's seventh year (598/597 BCE) that culminated in the death of Jehoiakim and the exile to Babylonia of his successor Jeconiah, his court, and many others; Jeconiah's successor Zedekiah and others were exiled when Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed Jerusalem in his 18th year (587 BCE), and a later deportation occurred in Nebuchadnezzar II's 23rd year (582 BCE). During the period of 1944 - 1945, a man by the name of Elie Wiesel was one of the millions of Jews that were experiencing the wrath of Hitlers destruction The Babylonian culture, in concert with Judaism, resulted in the creation of a hybrid religion. After the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BCE, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II besieged Jerusalem, which resulted in tribute being paid by the Judean king Jehoiakim. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A copyist error? All rights reserved. Many commentators over the years have tried to explain these differences with various ideas. Ils seront prts vous guider pourque vous ralisiez le voyage de vos rves moindre cot. Among those who accept a tradition (Jeremiah 29:10) that the exile lasted 70 years, some choose the dates 608 to 538, others 586 to about 516 (the year when the rebuilt Temple was dedicated in Jerusalem). Tiglath-pileser carried away the trans-Jordanic tribes and the inhabitants of Galilee (2Kgs. Sargon carried into captivity the rest of Israel (2Kgs. Also, 430 years prior to the exodus is when Abraham first lived in Egypt. The 400 years in Egypt are not missing from Israels calendar because they werent part of a judgment upon Israel, the durations of the wilderness wanderings and the Babylonian Captivity are both clear, and Daniels 70 weeks prophecy obviously explains the fourth period. them This was possibly also the period when synagogues were first established, for the Jews observed the Sabbath and religious holidays, practiced circumcision, and substituted prayers for former ritual sacrifices in the Temple. WebNow the duration of the Israelites stay in Egypt was 430 years. and of the 10 lost tribes. A considerable number of Jews were left behind in Judea (Jer. (2 Chronicles 30:1112), For a multitude of the people, even many of Ephraim and Manasseh, Issachar and Zebulun, had not cleansed themselves, yet did they eat the passover otherwise than it is written. They were imprisoned as a result of their countrys refusal to allow them to return home. her Egypt The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian monarchs Tiglath-Pileser III and Shalmaneser V. The later Assyrian rulers Sargon II and his son and successor, Sennacherib, were responsible for finishing the twenty-year demise of Israel's northern ten-tribe kingdom, although they did not overtake the Kingdom of Judah. What is are the functions of diverse organisms? WebThis chapter surveys Jeremiahs teachings and warnings to his people in the context of the impending Babylonian captivity. They were forced to live in tents and to work in fields as a result of their harsh treatment, which included physical and psychological abuse. - 587 BCE - Context of Ancient Israelite Religion. feared In approximately 730 B.C. One is that the biblical authors said 400 years because they were simply rounding to a convenient number, The Babylonian Exile is regarded as one of the most important periods in Jewish history, as it occurred during the expulsion of Jews from Judea. So there was great joy in Jerusalem; for since the time of Solomon the son of David king of Israel there was not the like in Jerusalem. It is clear, from Scripture, that Moses was the author/collator of the first five books of the Bible, the Pentateuch. there were large deportations under Nebuchadnezzar (2Kgs. According to the book of Ezra, the Persian Cyrus the Great ended the exile in 538 BCE,[15] the year after he captured Babylon. When Judah is restored, the two narrators, Nehemiah and ezirah, are present. Get our Question of the Week delivered right to your inbox! The best way to view our articles and Q&A. | GotQuestions.org Not only did he record Gods eyewitness account of what happened (Exodus 24:18), but he would have been educated well in Pharaohs house in the history of Egypt as well as in the History of his people (Exodus 2:711). increased Gal 3:16-17 says that the law came 430 years after Abraham received the promise of blessing (in Gen 12). 25 years passed before he got his son Isa 605 First wave of deportation of Jews to Babylon. For example, the current Hebrew alphabet was adopted during this period, replacing the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. Why did God send the Israelites to Egypt for 400 years (Genesis 15:13)? According to Susa records, the Judahites were royal courtiers. During the Babylonian captivity, the Jews suffered greatly. Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the good news of Jesus Christ. (2) Of Judah: In 701 B.C. Some may say, But according to Scripture the Israelites were slaves in Egypt for 400 years. And as for the people, he removed them to cities Only the land of the priests bought he not" We grow food to support a community, build and repair homes, and support the poor, widows, and the fatherless. Heres an overview of those captivities: Assyrian Captivity Assyrian Captivity: Israels first exile was to Assyria. Some historians attribute the ease of Israel's defeat to the previous two decades of invasions, defeats, and deportations. So the posts went with the letters from the king and his princes throughout all Israel and Judah, according to the commandment of the king, saying: 'Ye children of Israel, turn back unto the LORD, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, that He may return to the remnant that are escaped out of the hand of the kings of Assyria. of Egypt for Pharaoh, for the Egyptians sold every man his field, because the famine prevailed over them; so the land Genesis: Baker Commentary on the Old Testament Pentateuch by John Goldingay. the more they multiplied If we date the fall of Jerusalem as 586 or 587 B.C. the king live. Jews who had been exiled from their homeland in Babylonian captivity established a special place of worship in Jerusalem called the Temple. [1], And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day. It concerned Gods temple in Jerusalem. (L.ii.4.)[4]. WebThe Flight of the Prisoners (1896) by James Tissot; the exile of the Jews from Canaan to Babylon. midwives Once we realize this, we can then look at the passage and realize that this statement made by Moses actually adds clarity. One interesting fact, for example, is that Isaac was still alive (he was 168) when Joseph was sold into slavery. If I am to come to Scripture and read a passage and ask, Is that wrong? I am revealing that I do not truly believe Scripture is without error. 4043). [citation needed], In Rabbinic literature, Babylon was one of a number of metaphors for the Jewish diaspora. Nous allons vous faire changer davis ! Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Prior to the establishment of Israel in 1948, people in the country were divided into tribes. Historians agree that several deportations took place (each the result of uprisings in Palestine), that not all Jews were forced to leave their homeland, that returning Jews left Babylonia at various times, and that some Jews chose to remain in Babyloniathus constituting the first of numerous Jewish communities living permanently in the Diaspora. As a result, they became a more united and cohesive people when they returned to their homeland. Partir en randonne et treks au coeur des minorits, des rizires en terrasse et des montagnes dans le Nord du Vietnam notamment Hoang Su Phi ou faire des balades en vlo travers les rizires verdoyantes perte de vue puis visiter les marchs typiques des ethnies autour de Sapa. 36:610; Jer. The Cyrus Cylinder is frequently regarded as a valuable extrabiblical evidence in the case of Cyrus decree in Ezra 1. Zerubbabel led the people (539 B.C.). [8] Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, died during the siege[9] and was succeeded by his son Jehoiachin (also called Jeconiah) at the age of eighteen. One result of the Babylonian exile for the Israelites was that they began to see themselves as a distinct people separate from other nations. 15:29; 1Chr. 18:13); in 597B.C. God, (1 Chronicles 5:26), In the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglathpileser king of Assyria, and he took Ijon, and Abel Beth Maacah, and Janoah, and Kedesh and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali, and carried them captive to Assyria. help In 586 BC, Jews were subjected to Babylonian captivity after the city of Jerusalem fell. Isaac is weaned and Ishmael mocks/persecutes Isaac. The final redaction of the Pentateuch took place in the Persian period following the exile,[17]:310and the Priestly source, one of its main sources, is primarily a product of the post-exilic period when the former Kingdom of Judah had become the Persian province of Yehud. is a girl, Now when all this was finished, all Israel that were present went out to the cities of Judah, and broke in pieces the pillars, and hewed down the Asherim, and broke down the high places and the altars out of all Judah and Benjamin, in Ephraim also and Manasseh, until they had destroyed them all. Although the Jews suffered greatly and faced powerful cultural pressures in a foreign land, they maintained their national spirit and religious identity. [28] The Book of Lamentations arose from the Babylonian captivity. Wait! Peace of Christ! The Jewish people continued to worship God despite the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD by the Romans. But between the Israelites arrival in the Promised Land and the Babylonian Captivity, there were several periods of time where the nation was subject to the Philistines and others. Exodus 12:40 [15], Nebuchadnezzar's siege of Jerusalem, his capture of King Jeconiah, his appointment of Zedekiah in his place, and the plundering of the city in 597 BCE are corroborated by a passage in the Babylonian Chronicles:[17]:293. WebAssyrian cuneiform states that 27,290 captives were taken from Samaria, [4] the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, by the hand of Sargon II . 36:2428), a number of the Psalms being written during this period; and it led to a deepening reverence for the law of Moses, especially that part of it dealing with ritual observance. - 516 B.C. of Egypt Jacob and his family moved to Egypt, during the famine, 215 years after Gods promise to Abraham. to serve with rigour: Personal updates from Samantha. All of these events are considered significant to the developed history and culture of the Jewish people, and ultimately had a far-reaching impact on the development of Judaism. (The holiday was set one month forward from its original date.) Each one of them had been interrupted by at least one time of judgment when the clock stopped temporarily. Taking the different biblical numbers of exiles at their highest, 20,000, this would mean that only about 25% of the population had been deported to Babylon, with the remaining 75% staying in Judah. Babylonian Captivity, also called Babylonian Exile, the forced detention of Jews in Babylonia following the latters conquest of the kingdom of Judah in 598/7 and 587/6 bce. However, another difficulty might seem to arise from [5] There is also evidence that significant numbers fled south to the Kingdom of Judah. After Nebuchadnezzar was defeated in battle in 601 BCE by Egypt, Judah revolted against Babylon, culminating in a three-month siege of Jerusalem beginning in late 598 BCE. it Despite the efforts of the Persian Empires Jews, the Roman Empire ultimately prevailed and the Persians were defeated. WebThe land experienced its sabbatical years; it remained desolate for seventy years, as prophesied (2 Chronicles 36:20-21, emphasis mine). Within that teaching were contained the actual years that the nation Israel was under another countrys authority as a result of a judgment. WebEzekiel 2:3. During their persecution of Jerusalem in AD 70, the Romans also demolished the Temple and expelled the Jews. The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile is the period in Jewish history during which a large number of Judeans from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylon, the capital city of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, following their defeat in the JewishBabylonian War and the destruction of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? E: info@vietnamoriginal.com, Excursion au Vietnam@2007-2022. When the Roman general Belisarius attacked the Persians in 538 A.D., they begged Babylons Jews for aid. Hebrew midwives Or was it 430 years?. them During his reign, he traveled extensively through the Arabian desert, establishing worship of the moon god Sin over Babylons national god, Marduk, during his reign at the oasis of Tayma. Affairs of state in Babylon were left in the hands of Belshazzar, the son of Nabonidus. Webthe population of Israel returned to what it had been. The captivities began in approximately 740 BCE (or 733/2 BCE according to other sources). Were the Israelites in Egypt for only 215 years? Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi were the Babylonian exiles three most important prophetic figures. Jack Kelley published over 9,000 Bible Study resources here from 1999, until the Lord called him home in the fall of 2015. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It put a stop to the old sin of idolatry; it was a time of great spiritual revival (Ezek. When you think about it, this is an incredibly straightforward explanation that is provided by Scripture, but is ingeniously simplified by Henry Ainsworth: Israels (the nation) affliction (Genesis 15:13; Acts 7:6) started when Isaac was five years old and Ishmael mocked him (Genesis 21:9; Galatians 4:29). [24] The population of the province was greatly reduced from that of the kingdom, archaeological surveys showing a population of around 30,000 people in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE. The Jews responded in kind, sending twenty thousand warriors and a large sum of money. reveals that the nation of Israel began with him). Help us share the truth of Gods Word and the gospel! Nous sommes uneagence de voyage franco-Vietnamiennesrieuse et comptente avec des conseillers francophones expriments, professionnels et en permanence disponibles pour vous aider. Including photos each week from our outreaches and the weekly review. Archaeologically speaking, it is known that the invasion was accompanied by large-scale destruction and abandonment at many sites. Therefore, this passage is including Isaac and Abraham in the nation of Israel. This exile was, in real truth, a captivity. God "Israelite diaspora" redirects here. Jews destroyed the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as synagogues throughout history. Where Is The Babylonian Exile In The Bible Like this post? kill him: If God grants them another chance after they have learned from this lesson, they should follow his instructions. At the outset let me state that I am Jewish, not Christian. That being said, Gal 3:16-17 is line with the Oral Tradition (that Orthodox Jews believ There are two positions on the time elapsed between Jacob's entry into Egypt and the Exodus: Short sojourn : 215 years. It implies that the 430-yea Lets look at the passages in question. Despite this, the Babylonian Exile had an impact on the world. Remember though, the promise was not made to Jacob, but to Abraham. They worshipped in their homes and in secret, and were careful to observe all the religious rites and customs prescribed by the Torah. After the city of Jerusalem was captured, tens of thousands of Jews were forced to flee from Judah. their This article discusses the history of Israels captivity during the 70 years it was held. (1) Of Israel: In 740 B.C. Egypt, fearing the sudden rise of the Neo-Babylonian empire, seized control of Assyrian territory up to the Euphrates river in Syria, but Babylon counter-attacked. [citation needed] It has also been suggested that the numbers deported by the Assyrians were rather limited and the bulk of the population remained in situ. In books and articles it is often claimed that the Israelites were only in Egypt for 215 years. WebCaptivities of the Israelites. It was at this time that Daniel began to count the 70 years he had been captive to the time that he would be cut off from the Messiah. What was a blood covenant (Genesis 15:9-21)? Your newsletter signup did not work out. I believe that religious education is important for everyone, and I hope that this website can be a useful resource for anyone who is interested in learning more about religion. AuCentre, les sites de Hue et Hoi An possdent lun des hritages culturelles les plus riches au monde. and they made their lives During the Babylonian exile, also known as the Babylonian Tragedy, Jews suffered greatly and were humiliated. [10] The city fell on 2 Adar (March 16) 597 BCE,[11] and Nebuchadnezzar pillaged Jerusalem and its Temple and took Jeconiah, his court and other prominent citizens (including the prophet Ezekiel) back to Babylon. The Babylonian exile was ordered by God for the sake of teaching the people a lesson after the prophet had warned them to repent. We know a bit about Jewish thought and life because of some Jewish communities in Egypt, but virtually nothing from the Assyrian Captivity in 722 B.C. With the completion of the Temple, the synagogue continued to worship and teach in its place. When the Jews were finally allowed to return to their homeland in 1948, they rebuilt Jerusalems Temple. Throughout Cyrus empire, he established that anyone who wished to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem, as well as all captive Jews in Babylonia, could do so. Led by Joshua, they conquered the land Why was the decision Roe v. Wade important for feminists? They had been warned time and time again that if they did not obey God, they would be exiled from their land. The Temple and palace were rifled of their treasures. Hezekiah sent his posts to spread the word among the remnant of the Northern kingdom; the posts were mocked during their visit to the country of Ephraim, Manasseh and Zebulun. Egypt, fearing the sudden rise of the Neo-Babylonian empire, seized control of Assyrian territory up to the Euphrates river in Syria, but Babylon counter-attacked.